Was U.S. terror alert used for political reasons?

Former U.S. Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge says pressure from fellow cabinet members to raise the nation's terror alert level just before the 2004 presidential election helped convince him it was time to quit working for former president George W. Bush.

In a new book, Mr. Ridge says that despite the urgings of former defence secretary Donald Rumsfeld and attorney-general John Ashcroft he objected to raising the security level, according to a publicity release from the book's publisher.

In the end the alert level was not changed.

Mr. Bush's former homeland security adviser, Frances Townsend, said Thursday that politics never played a role in determining alert levels.

Two tapes were released by al-Qaeda in the weeks leading up to the election – one by terrorist leader Osama bin Laden and the other by a man calling himself “Azzam the American.” Terrorism experts suspected that “Azzam the American” was Adam Gadahn, a 26-year-old Californian whom the FBI had been urgently seeking.

Ms. Townsend said the videotapes contained “very graphic” and “threatening” messages.

Ms. Townsend said that any time there was a discussion of changing the alert level, she first spoke with Mr. Ridge and then, if necessary, called a meeting of the homeland security council comprising the secretaries of defence and homeland security, the attorney general and CIA and FBI directors. The group then made a recommendation to the president about whether the colour-coded threat level should be raised.

“Never were politics ever discussed in this context in my presence,” she said.

Asked if there was any reason for Mr. Ridge to have felt pressured, Ms. Townsend said: “He was certainly not pressured. And, by the way, he didn't object when it was raised and he certainly didn't object when it wasn't raised.”

Mr. Ridge's publicist, Joe Rinaldi, said Mr. Ridge was out of town and was not doing interviews until his book, The Test of Our Times: America Under Siege ... and How We Can Be Safe Again, is released on Sept. 1.

In 2004, Mr. Ridge explained why he didn't feel the alert should be raised. “We don't have to go to (code level) orange to take action in response either to these tapes or just general action to improve security around the country,” he said then.

In 2005, months after he resigned, Mr. Ridge said his agency has been the most reluctant to raise the alert level. “There were times when some people were really aggressive about raising it, and we said, ‘For that?”' he said during a panel discussion in May, 2005. But his book appears to be the first time he publicly attributes some of the pressure to politics.

The Homeland Security Department, which Mr. Ridge was the first person to lead, faced criticism in 2004 from Democrats who alleged that raising the alert level was designed to boost support for the Bush administration during an election year.

Mr. Ridge, who resigned on Nov. 30, 2004, said the episode convinced him to follow through with his plans to leave the Bush administration.

A former Republican congressman and governor of Pennsylvania, Mr. Ridge was widely named as a potential running mate to John McCain in 2008 before the presidential candidate chose former Alaska governor Sarah Palin.